Read Isaiah 11.
One of the most important rules of interpreting the Scriptures is context. It is the habit of many to only quote phrases from the Bible they like and not read the rest. This chapter is one of those portions.
"A little child shall lead them" is a phrase, part of a sentence, in a chapter full of detail. The prophetic descriptions foretell of a unique time on earth that has never happened. Some have tried to explain these verses away as having taken place in Isaiah's time. Others endeavor to discredit an earthly fulfillment of this prophecy, choosing to spiritualize the words as taking place in heaven. But even a cursory reading makes those two attempts ludicrous.
Here is why.
1. The King. (v.1)
Who is he? He will rise up as a branch from the family tree of Jesse, the royal lineage of King David. That is why Matthew 1 is so important. It is a legal statement that Jesus has a right to that throne.
2. The King's rule. (vv.2-3)
He will rule in the full power of the Holy Spirit. He will be the Wonderful Counselor (Isaiah 9:6) to the nations on earth. He will do what pleases the Father (John 8:29).
3. The effects of the King's rule. (vv.4-9)
When Jesus comes again, He will be the King of Kings, judging and ruling this world by the Word of God (Revelation 19). As the Prince of Peace, the Messiah will usher in a time of absolute peace. Sin brought death, disobedience, and division. Jesus will bring unity, right behavior, and life. So-called natural fears and threats will be gone. "...the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD."
In Isaiah's time, reconciliation of Israel and Judah seemed unthinkable. But "in that day" (v.10), Messiah will regather and unify His people. Note that God plan is not only for the Jews, but all the families of the earth will be blessed (Genesis 12).
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